简介:Adirectnumericalsimulationisperformedon2563gridsfordecayingisotropicturbulence.Thetotalkinematicenergy,Taylormicro-scale,Taylormicro-scaleReynoldsnumberandthevelocityderivativeskewnessarecalculated.Thesnapshotsofenergyspectraandenergytransferspectraareplotted.ThesemeasurementsverifytheDIApredictions:decayingisotropicturbulencehastheenergypropagationandoccupiesthefinaldecayperiods.Theskewnessremainstosomelevelwithsmallvariationeveninthefinaldecayperiod.
简介:Anonlinearage-dependentpopulationmodel,whichallowsforconsiderationoftheeffectsofcrowdingandresourcelimitation,ispresented.Thebasicpropertiesofsolution,suchasexistence,positivity,uniqueness,andultimatebehavior,arediscussed.Also,theconditionofstabilityandcontroll-abilityofthenonlinearpopulationsystemisobtained.
简介:ROOTversion3(spring2001)supportsautomaticclassschemaevolution.Inadditionthisversionalsoproducesfilesthatareself-describing.Thisisachievedbystoringineachfilearecordwiththedescriptionofallthepersistentclassesinthefile.Beingself-describingguaranteesthatafilecanalwaysbereadlater,itsstructurebrowsedandobjectsinspected.alsowhenthelibrarywiththecompiledcodeoftheseclassesismissingTheschemaevolutionmechanismsupportsthefrequentcasewhenmultipledatasetsgeneratedwithmanydifferentclassversionsmustbeanalyzedinthesamesession.ROOTsupportstheautomaticgenerationofC++codedescribingthedataobjectsinafile.
简介:TwoPhasesofPolicyDesigningInthefirstdaysofRussia’sindependencefromtheformerSovietUnion,itsforeignpolicymainlyaimedestablishingcloselinkswiththeWest,joiningintheranksoftheWesterndevelopedcountriesandgettingridofitseconomicdiffi-cultiesbydependingonmassiveWesterneconomicaid.Itwasconsideredthe“only
简介:精索静脉曲张在临床的实践被认出了为在一个世纪。原来,这些过程为疼痛的管理被利用,但是自从1952,修理主要为男不孕的处理。然而,因为pathophysiology不是清楚的,精索静脉曲张的诊断和治疗是争论的,研究的入口标准在中心之中变化了,并且有很少使随机化的临床的试用。不过,临床医生们继续为精索静脉曲张的修正开发技术,基本科学家在精索静脉曲张的pathophysiology上继续调查,并且从未来的使随机化的试用的新结果数据出现在世界的文学。因此,Andrology的亚洲杂志的这个特殊版本被建议报导许多与精索静脉曲张有关的新信息,作为这个工程的特定的部分,现在的文章作为进化的全面评论和校正过程的精炼被开发。
简介:MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是他们在植物和动物的目标基因的重要post-transcriptional管理者。miRNAs通常长是20-24核苷酸。尽管有他们的不平常地小的尺寸,miRNA基因家庭的进化历史似乎类似于编码theirprotein对应物。与在动物染色体的小却丰富的miRNA家庭相对照,植物有少数但是更大的miRNA基因家庭。植物miRNA基因家庭的成员经常是高度类似的,建议经由双人脚踏车基因复制和部分复制事件的最近的扩大。尽管许多miRNA基因越过植物种类被保存,一样的基因家庭在不同种类在尺寸和genomic组织显著地变化,它可以在目标基因规定引起剂量效果和空间、时间的差别。在这评论,我们在理解植物miRNA基因家庭的进化总结当前的进步。
简介:Supernovaexplosionisapeculiarastronomicalphenomenon,whichhasarousedgreatinterestandextensiveresearchbyastronomers.Atpresent,however,itiserroneouslybelievedthatthesupernovaexplosionisasplendidfuneralofadyingstar.Infact,newastronomicalobservationsandtheauthor’stheoreticalstudieshaveshownthatintheprocessofastar’snever-endingevolution,numeroussupernovaexplosionsmayoccur,andsupernovaexplosionwillrunthroughmanystagesofstellarevolution.Whenevertheatmosphereofthestarbecomesverydenseanditssurfaceiscoveredwithathicklayerofmaterialagain,athermonuclearreactioncanbeignitedagain,causingasupernovaexplosion.Especially,whenthestarhasundergoneanumberofsupernovaeexplosionsanditssurfaceiscoveredwithmultiplelayersofsupernovaexplosionremnants,thecoreofthemassivestarmayundergosuddengravitationalcollapse,causingaviolentsupernova;whenastarisimpactedbyafallingcelestialbody,italsoproducesviolentsupernovaexplosions.
简介:Inthepast,peopledidnotrealizetheformationandstructureofgalaxies.Theyevenmistooktheblackholeshiddeninthecenterofagalaxyasindependentcelestialobjects,makingblackholesmysteriousandunbelievable.Itwasonlyaftertheauthorstudiedanddiscoveredthelawsoftheformationandevolutionofsatellites,planetsandstarsthatheputforwardthescientifictheoryofgalaxyformationandevolution,thereforerevealingthehierarchicalstructureofgalaxyandtheexistenceandcharacteristicsofblackholesasthemainnodesofgalacticstructure.