简介:UpgradingFamilyPlanningServices¥XieZhenmingInearly1995aprojectentitled"APilotProgrammeforUpgradingFamilyPlanningServices"wasl...
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简介:Theemergingindustryofcrossbordere-commerce,whichhasbeenundergoingtremendousgrowththankstothelooseningpoliciesofconsumptionupgrading,isfacingalargetransformation.E-commerceisnotassimpleasopeninganonlinestore,butrequiresofflineresources,offices,atrainingmechanismforworkers,andprofessionalphotographingandmodelinnovationservices.Theindustryhasexperiencedtwodevelopmentphases,withthe1.0phase
简介:Theuseofenergyconservationemissionreductionpoliciestopromoteindustrialrestructuringandupgradingandthusfacilitateenergyconservationandemissionreductionisoneofthe10importantstrategiesofenvironmentalmanagementinChina.TheuseofenergyconservationemissionreductionpoliciestopromoteindustrialrestructuringandupgradingandthusfacilitateenergyconservationandemissionreductionisoneoftheimportantstrategiesofenvironmentalmanagementinChina.Basedonthesystematiccollectionof1,195energyconservationemissionreductionpolicies,wediscusstheinfluenceofindividualmeasureandmeasuresynergyofenergyconservationandemissionreductionpoliciesrespectively.Theresultsshowthattheenergyconservationandemissionreductionpolicieshaveasignificanteffectontheoverallpromotionofindustrialupgrading.Thefinancialmeasuresandguidancemeasureshaveapositiveimpact;thefinancialmeasuresandguidancemeasureshavesignificantlypositiveeffect;however,theadministrativemeasures,fiscaltaxmeasures,andothereconomicmeasuresdotheopposite;thepositiveeffectofthesynergyofguidancemeasuresandfinancialmeasuresisgreaterthanthenegativeeffectofconsideringonlythesynergyoffiscaltaxmeasuresandothereconomicmeasures,andsignificantlygreaterthanthenegativeeffectofthesynergyofadministrativemeasures,fiscaltaxmeasures,andothereconomicmeasures.Weshouldstrengthenandemphasizetheuseofthemeasurethathaspositiveeffectonindustrialstructurerestructuringandupgradingindividuallyandsynergistically.
简介:SinceMurakamidefinedearlygastriccancer(EGC)asa'carcinomalimitedtothegastricmucosaand/orsubmucosaregardlessofthelymphnodestatus',severalauthorshavefocusedonthemostinfluentialhistopathologicalparametersforpredictingthedevelopmentoflymphnodemetastasesbyconsideringthelymphnodestatusasanimportantprognosticfactor.AfewauthorshavealsoconsideredthedepthofinvasionasoneofthekeystoexplainingtheexistenceofsubgroupsofpatientsaffectedbyEGCwithpoorprognoses.Inanycase,EGCisstillconsideredaninitialphaseoftumorprogressionwithgoodprognosis.Theintroductionofmodernendoscopicdeviceshasallowedaprecisediagnosisofearlylesions,whichcanleadtoimproveddefinitionsoftumorsthatcanberadicallytreatedwithendoscopicmucosalresectionorendoscopicsubmucosaldissection(ESD).Giventhewidespreaduseofthesetechniques,theJapaneseGastricCancerAssociation(JGCA)identifiedin2011thestandardcriteriathatshouldexcludethepresenceoflymphnodemetastases.Atthattime,EGCswithnodalinvolvementshouldhavebeenassertedasnolongerfittingthedefinitionofanearlytumor.Someauthorshavealsodemonstratedthatthemorphologicalgrowthpatternofatumor,accordingtoKodama'sclassification,isoneofthemostimportantprognosticfactors,therebysuggestingtheneedtoreportitinhistopathologicaldrafts.NotwithstandingtheacquiredknowledgeregardingtheclinicalbehaviorofEGC,Murakami'sdefinitionisstillbeingused.Thisdefinitionneedstobeupgradedaccordingtothemodernstagingofthediseasesothattheappropriatetreatmentwouldbeselected.