简介:对比了纯PP纤维、PP/PS改性纤维和PP/Hy-PS(Garamite)改性纤维的上染率、染色深度K/S值、颜色饱和度C^*值。试验表明,由于PP/Hy-PS(Garamite)共混纤维中纳米膨润土上带有大量羟基,从而提高了聚丙烯纤维与染料分子的亲和作用,因此在相同的染色条件下,相近规格(纤度、取向度、结晶度相近)的纤维PP/Hy-PS(Garamite)体系的上染率、染色深度R/S值、颜色饱和度C^*值都较PP/PS体系有着进一步的提高。另外,耐摩擦牢度、皂洗牢度和耐汗渍牢度试验表明,PP/Hy-PS(Garamite)改性共混纤维的染色牢度都比较好,均在4级以上,完全满足服装用要求。
简介:Asinglesetofverticallyalignedcracksembeddedinapurelyisotropicbackgroundmaybeconsideredasalong-wavelengtheffectivetransverselyisotropy(HTI)mediumwithahorizontalsymmetryaxis.Thecrack-inducedHTIanisotropycanbecharacterizedbytheweaklyanisotropicparametersintroducedbyThomsen.TheseismicscatteringtheorycanbeutilizedfortheinversionfortheanisotropicparametersinweaklyanisotropicandheterogeneousHTImedia.Basedontheseismicscatteringtheory,wefirstderivedthelinearizedPP-andPS-wavereflectioncoefficientsintermsofP-andS-waveimpedances,densityaswellasthreeanisotropicparametersinHTImedia.Then,weproposedanovelBayesianMarkovchainMonteCarloinversionmethodofPP-andPSwaveforsixelasticandanisotropicparametersdirectly.Testsonsyntheticazimuthalseismicdatacontaminatedbyrandomerrorsdemonstratedthatthismethodappearsmoreaccurate,anti-noiseandstableowingtotheusageoftheconstrainedPS-wavecomparedwiththestandardsinversionschemetakingonlythePP-waveintoaccount.
简介:JointPP–PSinversionoffersbetteraccuracyandresolutionthanconventionalP-waveinversion.P-andS-waveelasticmodulideterminedthroughdatainversionsarekeyparametersforreservoirevaluationandfluidcharacterization.Inthispaper,startingwiththeexactZoeppritzequationthatrelatesP-andS-wavemoduli,acoefficientthatdescribesthereflectionsofP-andconvertedwavesisestablished.Thismethodeffectivelyavoidserrorintroducedbyapproximationsorindirectcalculations,thusimprovingtheaccuracyoftheinversionresults.Consideringthattheinversionproblemisill-posedandthattheforwardoperatorisnonlinear,priorconstraintsonthemodelparametersandmodifiedlow-frequencyconstraintsarealsointroducedtotheobjectivefunctiontomaketheproblemmoretractable.Thismodifiedobjectivefunctionissolvedovermanyiterationstocontinuouslyoptimizethebackgroundvaluesofthevelocityratio,whichincreasesthestabilityoftheinversionprocess.TestsofvariousmodelsshowthatthemethodeffectivelyimprovestheaccuracyandstabilityofextractingPandS-wavemodulifromunderdetermineddata.Thismethodcanbeappliedtoprovideinferencesforreservoirexplorationandfluidextraction.
简介:ThepresentstatusofPPtechnologyinChinaispresented.ThroughareviewofsingleloopanddualloopPPreactortechnologyaswellasdevelopmentandutilizationofPPproductsitisconcludedthatimportofPPtechnologyshouldbebasedonthedemandofPPproductsandmarkettrendwithconsiderationoflocalconditions.TheexistingproblemsandfuturedevelopmentofPPtechnologyinChinaarediscussed.