简介:InterannualvariationsinthesurfaceandsubsurfacetropicalIndianOceanwerestudiedusingHadISSTandSODAdata-sets.Windandheatfluxdatasetswereusedtodiscussthemechanismsforthesevariations.OurresultsindicatethatthesurfaceandsubsurfacevariationsofthetropicalIndianOceanduringIndianOceanDipole(IOD)eventsaresignificantlydifferent.AprominentcharacteristicoftheeasternpoleistheSSTAreboundafteracoolingprocess,whichdoesnottakeplaceatthesubsurfacelayer.Inthewesternpole,thesurfaceanomalieslastlongerthanthesubsurfaceanomalies.ThesubsurfaceanomaliesarestronglycorrelatedwithENSO,whiletherelationshipbetweenthesurfaceanomaliesandENSOismuchweaker.Andthesubsurfaceanomaliesofthetwopolesarenegativelycorrelatedwhiletheyarepositivelycorrelatedatthesurfacelayer.Thewindandsurfaceheatfluxanalysissuggeststhatthethermoclinedepthvariationsaremainlydeterminedbywindstressfields,whiletheheatfluxeffectisimportantonSST.
简介:Theanalysisof43yearsofNCEP-NCARreanalysisdataandstationobservationsrevealstheconnectionsbetweentropospherictemperaturevariationsandtheweakeningoftheIndiansummermonsooncirculation.TheIndiansummermonsoonvariationisstronglylinkedtotropospherictemperatureoverEastAsia,showingsignificantpositivecorrelationsofmeantropospherictemperaturewithall-Indiansummerrainfallandthemonsooncirculationintensity.TheresultshowsthatIndiansummermonsooncirculationunderwenttwoweakeningprocessesinrecentdecades.Thefirstoccurredincircathemid-1960s,andtheotheroccurredincircathelate1970s.ThefindingindicatesthatthemeantropospherictemperaturemayplayacrucialroleintheweakeningoftheIndiansummermonsoonintensityviachangingland-seathermalcontrast.TheroleofthetropospherictemperaturecontrastbetweenEastAsiaandthetropicalareafromtheeasternIndianOceantothetropicalwesternPacificistoweakentheIndiansummermonsooncirculation.
简介:Attheturnofthecentury,sharpchangesinSino-Indianrelationshavedrawnwideattentionoftheinternationalcommunity.Relationsbetweenthetwocountries,improvedanddevelopedsincetheyrestoredexchangesofambassadorsin1976,sufferedheavysetbacksbecauseofIndia'nucleartestsinMay1998.Butbothsideshaveproceededinallcasesfromtheoverallpublicinterestandmadejointefforts,hencequicklyovercomingtheirtemporarydifficulties.EversinceJune1999,thetwonationshaverestoredanddevelopedtiesonthebasisoftheFivePrinciples.Thepastfiveyearshavewitnessedobviousimprovementandrapiddevelopmentofrelationsbetweenthetwosides.Thiscanbeseenfromthefollowingrespects.
简介:India'sfive-thousandyearhistoryhasadistinctivemarkofitsownintermsofculturaltraditionandnoblemoralsystem.Itisacountrythathasfaithfullybelievedinreligionseversincetheancienttimes,thusreligions,religiousmassorganizationsandtheirdevoutbelievershavebecomethecarriersofIndiantraditionalculture.