简介：1IntroductionThesupplyofconventionalpetroleumisdecreasingwhileheavyoilresourcesintheworldexceed600milliontons,soheavyoilwillbecomeanimportantenergysourceinthe21stcentury.

简介："GasTransmittingFromWesttoEastProject"issignificant.Itshouldensuretheweldingqualityandsafetyofpipeline.Thetaskisveryarduoustoguaranteethequalityoftheprojectintheconditionoflongline,complexweatherandgeologyfeatures.Inthispaper,theweldingcoldcrackingsusceptibilityofdomesticX-70pipelinesteeladoptedbytheproject,whichisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsofweldingqualityaboutpetrolpipeline,wasstudiedbymeansofobliqueY-groovecrackingtest.Thecrackratioofsurfaceandsectionwastestedundertheconditionsofdifferentweldingmaterialsandpreheattemperature.TheX-70pipelinesteelhasgoodcrackresistance.Theresearchhasimportantvaluefortheconstructionoflarge-scalepipelineengineeringandtheapplicationofdomesticX-70pipelinesteel.

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简介：Theneedformoreactiveandhydrothermallystablefluidcatalyticcracking(FCC)catalyststocombattheeffectofmetalcontaminantshasledtoanincreaseindemandforrareearthoxides.RareearthoxidesenhancecatalystactivityandpreventthelossofacidsitesduringtheFCCunitoperation,especiallywhenheavyresiduewithhighmetalcontentisusedasfeed.Inthispaper,areviewwascarriedouttoshowtheeffectsofrareearthelementsonthestructure,activity,andstabilityofFCCcatalysts.Also,theuseofrareearthelementsasvanadiumtrapswasanalyzedinconjunctionwiththemechanismofcatalystdeactivationbyvanadium.TheobjectivewastoelucidatetheinteractionofvanadiumspecieswiththezeolitecomponentoftheFCCcatalystsandtheroleofrareearthelementsincounteringthedeleteriouseffectsofvanadiumontheFCCcatalysts.

简介：<正>Drivenbytheincreasingsupplyofheavyoilswithdeterioratingquality,ahighnickel-resistantcatalystforcatalyticcrackingofinferiorcrudeoilswasdevelopedbytheResearchInstituteofPetroleumProcessing(RIPP).Catalystperformancewasevaluatedinalaboratoryfixedfluidizedbedreactor.Thetestresultsshowedthatthehighnickelresistancecatalystexhibitedgoodbottomscrackability,goodnickelresistance,andgoodadaptabilitytochangesinoperatingparameters,whichhadnoadverseeffectontheproductdistribution,indicatingtoamostpromisingprospectforapplicationofthiscatalystincatalyticcrackingofinferiorcrudeoil.

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简介：二进制Al-Si合金上的精确试验性的观察的结果被介绍，它清楚地证明裂开的团结是在一部显微镜的intergranular液体电影的宏观的张力的排水量的累积的结果在焊接金属团结的最后的阶段分离。裂缝开始的重建的机制提供在裂开的危险性之间的一种清楚的现象学的相互关系，焊接进程的参数和库和filler材料的性质。通信员数字模型考虑排水量累积的效果以及thermodynamical的影响和焊接材料的thermo机械的性质。它成功地被申请为在铝合金AA6056焊接期间裂开的团结的消除的工艺的工具的开发，例如焊接的一根多横梁。

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简介：目的：提高颈部旋转手法的准确性。方法：应用定向式微型麦克风记录两组患者在施颈部旋转手法作用时发出的“咔哒”声。结果：颈部旋转手法主要作用在旋转侧，只有少部分是作用在旋转的对侧。定点旋转复位法作用范围小，作用点相对集中；端提旋转复位法作用的节段较多，作用点相对分散。结论：旋转手法主要作用在旋转侧，并非旋转的对侧；端提旋转复位法作用范围较广，对上颈段痛变的疗效较好；而定点旋转复位法作用范围较为局限，适用于下颈段病变；旋转时“咔哒”声的出现，预示着关节运动达到了极限。

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简介：Sofar,theprogressinbothChinaandtheUnitedStatesinadoptingbatteryelectricvehicleshasbeenlessthanstellar.Andthat’stheopinionoftheUnitedStatesEnergySecurityCouncilwhichhasrecentlycompletedareportonhowthetwocountriescancollaborateonusingnewtechnologiestocleanupvehicleemissions.Thesectionthatconcernsushereisthatonvehicleelectrificationbecauseithasenormousimplicationsfortechnologymetals—especiallylithium,therareearthmagnetmetalsand,ofcourse,graphite.

简介：OnthebasisofquantitativeevaluationofsusceptibilitytosolidificationcrackingwithTrans-Varestraint-Test,themicrostructuresoftwostainlesssteelsof316Landalloy800HwithdifferentCreq/Nieqratiosduringsolidificationprocesswereanalyzedwithseveralmethods.Itisconcludedthatthesusceptibilitytosolidificationcrackingof316L-stainlesssteelismuchlowerthanthatofalloy800Hduetodifferentsolidificationbehaviorsoftheweldmetalofthetwomaterials.Theweldmetalofalloy800Hsolidifiesintheformofprimaryaustenitewhoseboundariesarestraightandsmoothandeasilywettedbylowmelting-pointliquidphases,whichincreasesthesusceptibilitytosolidificationcracking;whilethe316Lweldmetalsolidifiesintoprimaryaustenite/ferrite.Owingtoaseriesofdynamicmicrostructurechangesduringsolidificationsuchasperitecticreactions,migrationofausteniticboundariesandnailingofδ-ferritetotheboundaries,thegrainsbecomefiner,theorientationsofcolumnargrainsgetdisorderedandtheboundariesarecurvedandcomplex.Alsohightemperatureδ-ferriteexists,segregationofimpuritiesatboundariesdecreasesandtheboundariesarehardtobewettedbyliquidfilms,whichreducesthecrackingsusceptibility.

简介：CatalystcontainingshapeselectivezeoliteisusedtoinvestigatethecatalyticcrackingcharacteristicsofpalmoilandthreetypesofhydrocarbonVGOsonafixedfluidizedbed(FFB)unit.Theadvantageofproducinglightolefinsandlightaromaticsbycatalyticcrackingofplantoilisdiscussed.Resultsindicatethatthehydrocarbylgroupoftheplantoilmoleculeisquitereadilycrackable;theC6-C8aromaticsyieldiswellaboveandthelightolefinsyieldisaboutthesamewiththehydrocarbonfeeds,whiletheyieldsoflowvalueproductsarelower;thehydrocarbylgroupoftheplantoilmoleculehasstrongtendencyofaromatization,andcanenterthezeoliteporestoselectivelyformC6-C8aromatics;duringcatalyticcrackingofplantoilandfattyacids,aportionoftheoxygenisremovedintheformofwaterthroughhydrogentransferreaction,whileolefinsarepreventedfrombeingsaturated,whichcanensureproperyieldsofbothlow-carbonolefinsandlightaromatics.

简介：在这篇论文，韧性剧降裂开(DDC)在不同压力状态下面的在Inconel600同伴Filler金属82的危险性(FM82)被调查。Inconel600是有到一般腐蚀，局部性的腐蚀，和压力腐蚀的优秀抵抗的Ni-Cr-Fe合金，它广泛地尽最大努力被使用了植物。然而，同伴FM82被显示了产生在焊接过程的DDC。解决这个问题，这个工作主要集中于在焊接过程在FM82评估DDC危险性。首先，到破裂(STF)测试的紧张被用来在简单压力状态下面完成DDC标准，并且DDC的形成机制被解释。真实焊接是有复杂压力状态的一个过程。后来，强调状态在建筑群下面得到DDC危险性，关于焊接的多传递的模型借助于有限元素方法被建立。根据数字模拟结果，变丑和温度历史的关系被完成。而且，易受影响的地点和时刻能被决定把结果与STF联系了。模拟结果相当适合从另一研究焊接实验。

简介：Thispaperstudiesthechemicalcomposition,tensileproperties,inclusions,metallogrophicstructure,andothersuchparameterstoidentifythecausesofcrackingduringthebendingofhigh-strengthsteel.Theresultsshowthatthemajorcausesofcrackingaretheoriginaltransversecracksorholesonthesurfaceoftheslabandthepresenceofscalesrolledintothecracksorholes.Coldfracturingfromsuchdefectsisrare,andcanbeeleminatedbyenhancingthecontrolofthesteelmakingprocessandbymechanicalclean-upofthesurfacecracksandholesintheslab.

简介：Anewsilicasolbinderwasobtainedbymixingtheacid-modifiedaluminiumsulfateandwaterglass.TheeffectofSiO2concentrationinsodiumsilicate,pHvalueandpolymerizationwasinvestigated.Thenewsilicasolbinder,whichpossessedabundantporevolumeandsuitableacidamount,wasanidealcomponentforpreparingcrackingcatalyst.Asaresult,thecorrespondingcatalystcomprisingthenewbindershowedexcellentperformance.Comparedwiththereferencesample,theliquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)andpropyleneyieldobtainedoverthiscatalystincreasedby3.49and1.20percentagepoints,respectively.TheperfectporestructureandsuitableLewisacidamountofnewsilicasolwerethepossiblereasonleadingtoitsoutstandingperformance.

简介：氢导致了裂开(HIC)有三不同微观结构，小粒的bainite与板条bainite的高力量管道钢的行为(GB?+?磅)，小粒的bainite与针状的铁酸盐(GB?+?AF)，并且伪多角形的铁酸盐(QF)，被基于标准NACETM0284使用腐蚀实验学习。HIC实验在氢硫化物被进行(H2S)浸透的答案。试验性的结果证明有GB的钢?+?AF和QF微观结构介绍优秀腐蚀抵抗给HIC，而在磅的bainite板条和马氏体/奥氏体的阶段?+?GB微观结构为差的腐蚀抵抗负责。与铁酸盐阶段相比，bainite微观结构展出更高的力量和HIC的裂缝危险性。AF?+?GB微观结构被相信在设计的钢之中有机械性质和电阻的最好的联合到HIC。

简介：Anaccurateandcompletegeometricmodelwasconstructedtosimulatethecombustion,flowandtemperatureenvironmentintheradiantsectionofthesteamcrackingfurnace.Simulationofflowandradiationstatushasutilizedthestandardk-εmodelandP1model.Thefinite-rate/eddy-dissipation(finite-rate/ED)combustionmodelandnon-premixedcombustionmodelwerebothusedtosimulateaccuratelythecombustionandtheoperationstatusofthesteamcrackingfurnace.Threedifferentsurfacesofthesteamcrackingfurnacewereobtainedfromthesimulation,namely:thefluegastemperaturefieldoftheentrancesurfaceinlongflameburners,thecentralsurfacelocationoftubes,andthecrossoversectionsurface.Detailedinformationonthefluegastemperatureandthemassconcentrationfractionofthesedifferentsurfacesinthesteamcrackingfurnacecanalsobeobtainedbythesimulation.Thispaperanalyzedandcomparedthesimulationresultswiththetwocombustionmodels,estimatedtheoperationstatusofthesteamcrackingfurnace,andreportedthatthefinite-rate/EDmodelisappropriatetosimulatethesteamcrackingfurnacebycomparingkeysimulationdatawithactualtestdata.Thisworkhasalsoprovidedatheoreticalbasisforsimulatingandoperatingthesteamcrackingfurnace.

简介：OnMarch16,2013theunitforhydrogenproductionthroughmethanolcrackinghadproducedqualifiedhydro-genattheZhongyuanPetrochemicalCompany(ZPC),withthepurityofhydrogenreaching99.99%torealize