简介：Thispaperaimsatareviewoftheworkcarriedouttodateontheadjointassimilationofdatainmarineecosystemmodelssince1995.Thestructureandfeatureoftheadjointassimilationinmarineecosystemmodelsarealsointroduced.Toillustratetheapplicationoftheadjointtechniqueanditsmerits,a4-variableecosystemmodelcoupledwitha3-DphysicalmodelisestablishedfortheBohaiSeaandtheYellowSea.ThechlorophyllconcentrationdataderivedfromtheSeaWiFSoceancolourdataareassimilatedinthemodelwiththetechnique.Someresultsarebrieflypresented.

简介：Iterativealgorithmsforsolvingthedataassimilationproblemsareconsidered，basedonthemainandadjointequations.Spectralpropertiesofthecontroloperatorsoftheproblemarestudied,theiterativealgorithmsarejustified.

简介：Withtheadvancesof数字天气模拟和更新的减少的数据吸收骑车，表面观察数据吸收在数据吸收系统变得越来越重要。一个更好的数据吸收系统应该在表面层包含热力学的进程的限制，这广泛地被接受。在这份报纸，因此，一个新表面风观察操作员在全球、地区性的吸收预言System_3D变化(GRAPES_3D-Var)被利用，与在行星的边界层(PBL)的热力学的过程的限制。为了研究这新表面的能力，在吸收弯屈观察操作员并且预报，一系列实验被使用GRAPES模型操作。主要结果显示表面风观察操作员的这个新方法与GRAPES模型一起在预报上有积极影响。

简介：Thispaperteststheideaofsubstitutingtheatmosphericobservationswithatmosphericreanalysiswhensettingupacoupleddataassimilationsystem.Thepaperfocusesonthequantificationoftheeffectsontheoceanicanalysisresultedfromthissubstitutionanddesignsfourdifferentassimilationschemesforsuchasubstitution.AcoupledLorenz96systemisconstructedandanensembleKalmanfilterisadopted.Theatmosphericreanalysisandoceanicobservationsareassimilatedintothesystemandtheanalysisqualityiscomparedtoabenchmarkexperimentwherebothatmosphericandoceanicobservationsareassimilated.Fourschemesaredesignedforassimilatingthereanalysisandtheydifferinthegenerationoftheperturbedobservationensembleandtherepresentationoftheerrorcovariancematrix.Theresultsshowthatwhenthereanalysisisassimilateddirectlyasindependentobservations,theroot-mean-squareerrorincreaseofoceanicanalysisrelativetothebenchmarkislessthan16%intheperfectmodelframework;inthebiasedmodelcase,theincreaseislessthan22%.Thisresultisrobustwithsufficientensemblesizeandreasonableatmosphericobservationquality(e.g.,frequency,noisiness,anddensity).Iftheobservationisoverlynoisy,infrequent,sparse,ortheensemblesizeisinsufficientlysmall,theanalysisdeteriorationcausedbythesubstitutionislessseveresincetheanalysisqualityofthebenchmarkalsodeterioratessignificantlyduetoworseobservationsandundersampling.Theresultsfromdifferentassimilationschemeshighlighttheimportanceoftwofactors:accuraterepresentationoftheerrorcovarianceofthereanalysisandthetemporalcoherencealongeachensemblemember,whicharecrucialfortheanalysisqualityofthesubstitutionexperiment.

简介：Aftersummarizingthetheoriesandmeasurementindicesofassimilation,thispaperexaminesandre-constructsthemeasurementframeworkofassimilationatindividuallevel,followedbydiscussingsometheoreticalquestionsofassimilationinpresentChina.Assimilationcouldbeonepointonthelineconnectingadaptation,segmentedassimilationandassimilation.Measurementindicesframeworkofimmigrantassimilationindestinationshouldbesimplifiedwithhighvalidity,correspondingtothetheories.Assimilationcanbedividedintofivedimensions:economic,cultural,social,structuralandidentity.Futureresearchshouldbedirectedatthefinaldirectionoftheassimilationofmigrants,andthecausalchaincenteredontheassimilation"thestatusandthecausesandconsequencesofassimilations",andlongitudinalorpanelsurveystudiesshouldbeenhancedtounderstandthesituationanddevelopmenttrajectoryofassimilationofmigrantsinChina.

简介：Inthispaper,anewbiasestimationmethodisproposedandappliedinaregionalensembleKalmanfilter(EnKF)basedontheWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)Model.Themethodisbasedonahomogeneouslinearbiasmodel,andthemodelbiasisestimatedusingstatisticsateachassimilationcycle,whichisdifferentfromthestateaugmentationmethodsproposedinpreviousliteratures.Thenewmethodprovidesagoodestimationforthemodelbiasofsomespecificvariables,suchassealevelpressure(SLP).AseriesofnumericalexperimentswithEnKFareperformedtoexaminethenewmethodunderasevereweathercondition.Resultsshowthepositiveeffectofthemethodontheforecastingofcirculationpatternandmeso-scalesystems,andthereductionofanalysiserrors.ThebackgrounderrorcovariancestructuresofsurfacevariablesandtheeffectsofmodelsystembiasonEnKFarealsostudiedundertheerrorcovariancestructuresandanewconcept‘correlationscale’isintroduced.However,thenewmethodneedsfurtherevaluationwithmorecasesofassimilation.

简介：四维的变化数据吸收(4DVar)是最有希望的方法之一为数字天气预言(NWP)提供最佳的分析。在世界上的五个国家NWP中心成功地在他们的全球NWP使用了4DVar方法，由于增长方法和伴随技术。然而，4DVar的应用程序被在许多NWP中心和研究院可得到的计算机资源仍然限制。因此，进一步减少4DVar的计算费用是必要的。这里，实现4DVar的一条节俭的途径被建议，用dimensionreduced设计(DRP)的技术，它被称为建议途径基于尺寸减小使用的鈥淒RP-4DVar.鈥?历史的样品到的一个整体定义subspace。它直接由恰当的观察在减少的空间获得一个最佳的答案，历史的时间系列由模型产生了到形成一致预报状态，因此不要求正切的伴随的实现线性近似。在吸收mesoscale观察的不同类型上评估DRP-4DVar的性能，一些观察系统模拟实验用MM5被进行，比较用一个6小时的吸收窗口在基于伴随的4DVar和DRP-4DVar之间被做。关键词4DVar-伴随-尺寸减小-历史的样品-观察系统模拟实验

简介：

简介：Inthemodernera,theJewish-AmericanswerefacedwithchallengesbecauseoftheassimilationandmodernityenvironmentintheUS,andasaresult,manyofthemwereinadoublebind—tobeanassimilatedAmericancitizenortobeatraditionalJew.Withhiswork"TheImportedBridegroom",AbrahamCahancontemplatedonthesubjectofJewishimmigrationandassimilationandhemadeaground-breakingcontributiontotheestablishmentofAmericanmodernity.ThispaperintendstoanalyzeCahan’sattitudestowardsassimilationandmodernityandhowhebuildsupmodernityforalloftheAmericans.Threecharactersin"TheImportedBridegroom",whostandforthreeprototypesofmodernJewish-Americansconfrontingtheoverwhelmingfloodofassimilationandthedutyforretainingtheirtraditions,willbeanalyzed.Throughthecompositionofthiswork,CahantriedtospreadtheJewishcultureontheonehand,andontheother,hewarnedtheperipheralthatitwasdifficulttobeassimilatedwithoutdisasterseveniftheyhadmadecontributiontotheformationofmodernity.

简介：那寻找的一个进化基于策略的错误parameterization方法最，理想的错误调整因素被开发获得更好的吸收结果。数字实验用一些古典非线性的模型被设计(即，Lorenz-63模特儿和Lorenz-96当模特儿)。进化策略的转线路和变化错误调整因素在四个方面被调查：Lorenz模型，整体尺寸，观察协变性，和观察间隔的起始的条件。为错误调整因素的搜索通常用尝试方法被执行。解决这个困难的问题，一个新数据吸收系统结合了基因算法被开发。方法在一些简化模型框架被测试，并且结果是令人鼓舞的。处理方法的进化基于策略的错误在Lorenz-96模型在完美、有瑕疵的模型情形下面要用体力地表现了。然而，到大气的更多的建筑群或陆地表面的方法论的应用程序为遗体建模被测试。

简介：用先进研究WRF(ARWWRF)当模特儿并且Gridpoint统计插值(GSI)三维的变化分析(3DVAR)系统，吸收ATOVS的影响(先进初学者运作垂直更健全)通过原型社区放射的转移模型(pCRTM)的发光在预报在2005年6月20-21日在中国的东南发生在中央广东省上的重暴风雨上被评估。为这个盒子的一双比较实验(NODA和DA)与多重配置被进行，包括嵌套有4-km和12-km格子距离的领域。结果证明由通过数据吸收改变起始的条件，有偶极子的结构的一个修改分叉和潮湿领域与西南东北取向被加到雨线的轴。当一口西南的低级喷气(LLJ)带的更多的潮湿在Longmen的天文台车站附近被集成进雨线的东北部分时，，潮湿静电干扰精力(MSE)的振幅在中间的层次在底层实质地增加了，导致在在500hPa和850hPa之间的MSE扩大差别；空气变得更不稳定。因而，对流降雨在Longmen车站附近在省的东北部分增加了，它与降雨的观察分发一致。

简介：AMSU-A(AdvancedMicrowaveSoundingUnit-A)measurementsforchannelsthataresensitivetothesurfaceoverlandhavenotbeenwidelyassimilatedintonumericalweatherprediction(NWP)modelsduetocomplicatedlandsurfacefeatures.Inthispaper,theimpactofAMSU-AassimilationoverlandinSouthwestAsiaisinvestigatedwiththeWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)model.Fourradianceassimilationexperimentswithdifferentland-surfaceschemesaredesigned,thencomparedandverifiedagainstradiosondeobservationsandglobalanalyses.BesidesthesurfaceemissivitycalculatedfromtheemissivitymodelandsurfacetemperaturefromthebackgroundfieldincurrentWRFvariationaldataassimilation(WRF-VAR)system,thesurfaceparametersfromtheoperationalMicrowaveSurfaceandPrecipitationProductsSystem(MSPPS)areintroducedtounderstandtheinfluenceofsurfaceparametersonAMSU-Aassimilationoverland.ThesensitivityofsimulatedbrightnesstemperaturestodifferentsurfaceconfigurationsshowsthatusingMSPPSsurfacealternativessignificantlyimprovesthesimulationwithreducedrootmeansquareerror(RMSE)andallowsmoreobservationstobeassimilated.Verificationsof24-htemperatureforecastsfromexperimentsagainstradiosondeobservationsandNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction(NCEP)globalanalysesshowthattheexperimentsusingMSPPSsurfacealternativesgeneratepositiveimpactonforecasttemperaturesatloweratmosphericlayers,especiallyat850hPa.ThespatialdistributionofRMSEforforecasttemperaturevalidationindicatesthattheexperimentsusingMSPPSsurfacetemperatureobviouslyimproveforecasttemperaturesinthemountainareas.ThepreliminarystudyindicatesthatusingpropersurfacetemperatureisimportantwhenassimilatinglowersoundingchannelsofAMSU-Aoverland.

简介：[1]BattistiDS.1988.Thedynamicsand

简介：动态在三维的变化数据吸收抑制当在压力和风域上考虑流分叉和集中的影响时，被讨论。为严重热带气旋，正面的结构，和另外的很快变化的结构的分析，因地球自转而引起的平衡和线性平衡不能适当地代表在风和压力地之间的关系。然而，非线性的平衡增长方程考虑流动依赖者背景的信息，并且在3D-Var系统做反应到流动依赖者背景协变性。结果显示到3D-Var系统的非线性的平衡方程的应用程序改进严重热带气旋吸收系统的质量，它在热带气旋的紧张预言上有一些积极效果。[出版摘要]

简介：Theeffectofnitrate(NO3-)onrice(OryzasativaL.)growthaswellasNabsorptionandassimilationduringdifferentgrowthstageswasexaminedusingthreetypicalricecultivars.Dryweight,yield,Nuptake,nitratereductaseactivity(NRA)inleaves,andglutaminesynthetaseactivity(GSA)inrootsandleavesduringtheirentiregrowthperiods,aswellasthekineticparametersofammonium(NH4+)uptakeattheseedlingstage,weremeasuredwithsolutioncultureexperiments.ResultsindicatedthatadditionofNH4+-NandNO3--Nataratioof75:25(NH4++NO3-treatment)whencomparedwiththatofNH4+-Nalone(NH4+treatment)increasedthedryweightof'Nanguang'cultivarby30%and'Yunjing38'cultivarby31%,andalsoincreasedtheirgrainyieldby21%and17%,respectively.Forthefourgrowthstages,thetotalNaccumulationinplantsincreasedbyanaverageof36%for'Nanguang'and31%for'Yunjing38',whereastheincreasingeffectofNO3-inthe'4007'cultivarwasonlyfoundattheseedlingstage.IntheNH4++NO3-treatmentcomparedtotheNH4+treatment,NRAintheleavesincreasedby2.09folds,andGSAincreasedby92%intherootsand52%intheleavesofthethreecultivars.NO3-supplyincreasedthemaximumuptakerate(Vmax)inthe'Nanguang'and'Yunjing38'cultivars,reflectingthattheNO3-itself,nottheincreasingNconcentration,increasedtheuptakerateofNH4+byrice.TherewasnoeffectontheapparentMichaelis-Mentenconstant(Km)ofthethreecultivars.Thus,somereplacementofNH4+withNO3-couldgreatlyimprovethegrowthofriceplants,mainlyonaccountoftheincreaseduptakeofNH4+promotedbyNO3-,andfuturestudiesshouldfocusonthemolecularmechanismoftheincreaseduptakeofNH4+byNO3-.

简介：这研究检验与一个整体Kalman过滤器(EnKF)联合确定的四维的变化吸收系统(4DVAR)为数据吸收生产一条优异混合途径的性能。当在阻止过滤器分叉利用4DVAR时，从使用州依赖者的不确定性的联合吸收计划(E4DVAR)好处由EnKF提供了：4DVAR分析通过费用的最小化生产以后的最大的可能性答案整体不安关于被转变的功能，和产生整体分析能为下一个吸收周期并且作为整体预报的一个基础向前被宣传。这条联合途径的可行性和有效性与模仿的观察在一个理想化的模型被表明。E4DVAR能够在完美模型、有瑕疵模型的情形下面超过4DVAR和EnKF，这被发现。联合计划的性能比为标准EnKF或4DVAR实现的那些对整体尺寸或吸收窗口长度也不太敏感。

简介：Thenumericalforecastsofmei-yufrontrainstormsinChinahasbeenanimportantissue.Theintensityandpatternofthefrontalrainfallaregreatlyinfluencedbytheinitialfieldsofthenumericalmodel.The4-dimensionalvariationaldataassimilationtechnology(4DVAR)caneffectivelyassimilateallkindsofobserveddata,includingrainfalldataattheobservedstations,sothattheinitialfieldsandtheprecipitationforecastcanbothbegreatlyimproved.Thenon-hydrostaticmeso-scalemodel(MM5)anditsadjointmodelareusedtostudythedevelopmentofthemei-yufrontrainstormfrom1200UTC25Juneto0600UTC26June1999.Bynumericalsimulationexperimentsandassimilationexperiments,theT106dataandtheobserved6-hourrainfalldataareassimilated.Theinfluencesofmanyfactors,suchasthechoiceoftheassimilatedvariablesandtheweightingcoefficient,ontheprecipitationforecastresultsarestudied.Thenumericalresultsshowthat4DVARisvaluableandimportanttomei-yufrontrainfallprediction.

简介：一个观察本地化计划被介绍进一基于整体三维变化(3DVar)吸收方法基于单个价值分解技术(SVD-En3DVar)到改善吸收技巧。一种逐点详述的分析技术在每观察的重量与增加在分析点和观察点之间的距离在哪个减少被采用。一套数字实验，模仿的Doppler雷达数据在被吸收进天气研究并且预报当模特儿，被设计测试计划。结果与在SVD-En3DVar，其任何一个都不包括这类观察本地化用全球的原版和本地补丁计划获得的那些相比。观察本地化计划不仅在失踪的数据的区域消除假分析增长，而且避免从本地补丁计划产生的不连续的分析领域。新计划提供更好的分析领域和更多合理短期降雨预报比原来的计划。从10架雷达吸收真实数据的另外的预报实验显示短期的降水预报技巧能被吸收雷达数据改进，观察本地化计划比另外的二个计划提供一张更好的预报。

简介：Minimizationalgorithmsaresingularcomponentsinfour-dimensionalvariationaldataassimilation(4DVar).Inthispaper,theconvergenceandapplicationoftheconjugategradientalgorithm(CGA),whichisbasedontheLanczositerativealgorithmandtheHessianmatrixderivedfromtangentlinearandadjointmodelsusinganon-hydrostaticframework,areinvestigatedinthe4DVarminimization.First,theinfluenceoftheGram-SchmidtorthogonalizationoftheLanczosvectorontheconvergenceoftheLanczosalgorithmisstudied.TheresultsshowthattheLanczosalgorithmwithoutorthogonalizationfailstoconvergeaftertheninthiterationinthe4DVarminimization,whiletheorthogonalizedLanczosalgorithmconvergesstably.Second,theconvergenceandcomputationalefficiencyoftheCGAandquasi-Newtonmethodinbatchcyclingassimilationexperimentsarecomparedonthe4DVarplatformoftheGlobal/RegionalAssimilationandPredictionSystem(GRAPES).TheCGAis40%morecomputationallyefficientthanthequasi-Newtonmethod,althoughtheequivalentanalysisresultscanbeobtainedbyusingeithertheCGAorthequasi-Newtonmethod.Thus,theCGAbasedonLanczositerationsisbetterforsolvingtheoptimizationproblemsintheGRAPES4DVarsystem.

简介：Dopplerweatherradarcanprovidethewindinformationsuchastheradialvelocity,andhasbecomeoneofthemostpowerfulmeansforstudiesofseveremesoscaleandmicroscaleweathersystems.Usuallytheradarobservationprovidesonlyplanepositionindicator(PPI)scanningdataandrangeheightindicator(RHI)scanningdata.andthismakessomeretrievalmethodsusingthree-dimensionalvolumescanningdataimpracticalinoperation.Inordertousethesedatamoreefficiently,aplaneassimilationretrieval(PAR)methodisdevelopedusingdataassimilationtechniqueonthePPIscanningplane.ThePARmethodistestedwiththeobservationdataofChineseAcademyofMeteorologicalSciences(CAMS)Dopplerweatherradarandtheresultisencouraging.