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801 个结果
  • 简介:本文以中季稻区稻田主要害虫稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟和捕食天敌蜘蛛的田间系统调查资料为基础,以害虫—天敌—农药系统为研究对象,应用害虫管理系统工程的原理,处理害虫、捕食天敌与农药三者之间的关系。建立了稻纵叶螟—蜘蛛—甲胺磷和稻飞虱—蜘蛛—甲胺磷两系统优化管理模型,绘制了它们的优化反馈控制策略图,利用微机对系统进行最优监控。使用时输入当前田间害虫与天敌数量,就可对系统作出即时的预测和最优决策。该策略确立的控制害虫的最优性能指标,是使害虫对农作物的为害所造成的损失与防治费用之和最小,并且使害虫和天敌的数量处于系统平衡状态。文中比较分析了该策略与基于经济阈值的常规害虫管理策略,指出了新策略在害虫综合治理中对天敌数量进行控制和管理的作用及其意义。

  • 标签: 中季稻 优化管理 农药系统
  • 简介:本文是1998年6月作者在广州召开的国际有害生物学术讨论会上的大会发言稿。撰写本文的主旨就在于促进有关有害生物综合治理(IP)的思想探索与评议。当今在世界各国,甚至在一国之内,对IPM的看法和认识颇不一致。本文内容首先评论这些看法和认识。接着,对IPM实施得好而有成绩的地方,探索它们具有哪些共同性。最后,对理想的IPM所展示的能发挥最佳作用的内容进行了讨论,特别是农民参予的IPM研究和怎样把IPM技术交到农民手中。这是未来IPM在很多地区和在很多作物能成功的要素,特别对农业户更有意义。

  • 标签: 发展英文 有害生物综合治理 综合治理发展
  • 简介:大劣按蚊(广义)是东南亚和我国南方的高效传疟媒介,其复合体不同成员种的传疟作用尚未清楚阐明,探索近缘种的正确鉴别为蚊虫生物分类的重要基础。本文报道对我国大劣按蚊复合体(Anophelesdiruscomplex)生物分类的研究结果,应用染色体核型、卵的扫描结构、核糖体DNA间隔2区序列及PCR鉴别检测等方法,确认该复合体A种分布于海南省,D种分布于云南省。文内并对蚊虫生物分类的发展方向及其对疟疾防治的重要性作了讨论。

  • 标签: 中国劣 分类研究 劣蚊
  • 简介:本文记述了长管蚜亚科2新属,肖长管蚜属AntimacrosiphonZhang和头毛网蚜属KaramicrosiphumZhang,4新种:瘤尾肖长管蚜AntimacrosiphonbulacaudatumZhangetYe,草头毛网蚜KaramicrosiphumhumuliosumZhangetQiao,头无网蚜AcyrthosiphoncapitellumZhang和野草莓无网蚜A.fragumZhang.所有模式标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。

  • 标签: 中国长 亚科新 同翅目蚜
  • 简介:【背景】米尔顿姬小蜂是一种入侵我国台湾地区的植食性小蜂,能够严重影响水果的产量和食用价值。目前在我国大陆没有分布,由于其个体微小,与近似种区别较小,通过传统的形态学分类方法难以鉴定,因此有必要研究其基因片段序列,探讨分子鉴定方法。【方法】利用PCR方法扩增并测定了米尔顿姬小蜂线粒体16SrRNA和COⅠ基因的部分序列,并对各序列的碱基组成进行了分析。然后根据COⅠ基因部分序列,利用DNAMAN的MaximumLikelihood方法构建了米尔顿姬小蜂与膜翅目其他科的系统发育树。【结果】16SrRNA基因的PCR扩增产物为426bp,COⅠ基因的PCR扩增产物为488bp。通过测序获得米尔顿姬小蜂16SrRNA和COⅠ基因部分序列,序列分析表明,16SrRNA和COⅠ基因的A+T含量均较高,存在较强的A+T偏向性。系统发育树显示,米尔顿姬小蜂与蚜小蜂科的Encarsiaberlesei亲缘关系最近,与姬小蜂科的Chrysocharisnautius、C.eurynota亲缘关系较远。【结论与意义】本研究为米尔顿姬小蜂的分子鉴定提供了依据。

  • 标签: 米尔顿姬小蜂 16S RRNA基因 COⅠ基因 序列分析 分子鉴定
  • 简介:【背景】螺旋粉虱是新入侵海南省的严重为害经济作物及园林苗木的害虫。目前,植物源杀虫剂因具有高效和环境友好等特性而被广泛用于害虫防治中。【方法】采用喷雾法和药膜接触法分别测定了9种植物性杀虫剂对螺旋粉虱的毒力。【结果】在供试的9种植物性杀虫剂中,除虫菊素和鱼藤酮对螺旋粉虱成虫的毒力最强,24h的LC50分别为2.56和34.15mg·L-1;印楝素和苦瓜叶提取物的毒力次之,LC50分别为158.36和311.02mg·L-1。除虫菊素对螺旋粉虱若虫和卵也有一定的触杀作用,LC50分别为61.42和77.39mg·L-1。将印楝素和鱼藤酮分别与除虫菊素以1:1的比例混合,对螺旋粉虱成虫的毒力表现出明显的增效作用,其共毒系数(CTC)分别为193.11和224.35。【结论与意义】除虫菊素、鱼藤酮、印楝素和苦瓜叶提取物对螺旋粉虱均具有较强的毒性;印楝素或鱼藤酮与除虫菊素(1:1)的混合物不仅能增强触杀效果,而且能延缓害虫抗药性的产生。

  • 标签: 除虫菊素 印楝素 鱼藤酮 螺旋粉虱 杀虫活性
  • 简介:本文记述了中国缨翅目管蓟马科一新纪录属,匙管蓟马属(Mystrothrips)。该属的主要特征为:全身、触角和足布满网状花纹,前胸背板具5对发达的鬃。本文还详细描述了黄匙管蓟马(Mystrothripsflavidus)的形态特征,并首次描述了该种的长翅型。该种原记载于日本,现于我国广东省发现。研究标本保存在华南农业大学昆虫标本室。

  • 标签: 缨翅目 管蓟马科 雕纹管蓟马族 黄匙管蓟马
  • 简介:Highlydiversifiedcolorationsamongspringtails(Collembola)havebeenwidelyusedforspeciesdiagnosis,buttheirphylogeneticsignificanceispoorlyknown.WeaddressedthisissueinthelargestEntomobryinaegenusEntomobrya,whichpossessesvariablecolorpatternsamongspecies.Therelationshipswithinthegenusandtoothergenerahavealsorarelybeenstudied.BasedonmaterialmainlyfromChina,wehaveconductedamultilocusphylogenyandtopologytestswithlikelihoodandBayesianalgorithms,andaccordinglydemonstratedthenon-monophylyofChineseEntomobrya.Thedivisionoffiveclades,includingEntomobryaandseveralrelatedgenera,coincidedwellwithfivetypesofcolorations,respectively.FurtheranalysesofdivergencetimeandhistoricalbiogeographyrevealedthatChineseEntomobryaoriginatedmainlyfromPalearctic(northernandwestern)ChinainthePaleoceneandEocene.Thisstudyhighlightsthegreatphylo?geneticvaluesaswellastaxonomicusesofcolorationinChineseEntomobrya.MultiplephylogeneticandbiogeographicoriginsofEntomobryaimplyitscomplicatedrelationshipswithbothscaledandunsealedgeneraofEntomobryinae.

  • 标签: COLORATION Entomobrya Entomobryinae non-monophyly PALEARCTIC origins
  • 简介:Investigatinghowcropdomesticationandearlyfarmingmediatedcropattributes,distributions,andinteractionswithantagonistsmayshedlightontoday'sagriculturalpestproblems.Cropdomesticationgenerallyinvolvedartificialselectionfortraitsdesirabletoearlyfarmers,forexample,increasedproductivityoryield,andenhancedqualities,thoughinvariablyitalteredtheinteractionsbetweencropsandinsects,andexpandedthegeographicalrangesofcrops.Thus,somestudiessuggestthatwithcropdomesticationandspread,insectpopulationsonwildcropancestorsgaverisetopestiferousinsectpopulationsoncrops.Here,weaddressedwhethertheemergenceofcornleafhopper(Dalbulusmaidis)asanagriculturalpestmaybeassociatedwithdomesticationandearlyspreadofmaize(Zeamaysmays).WeusedAFLPmarkersandmitochondrialCOIsequencestoassesspopulationgeneticstructuringandhaplotyperelationshipsamongcornleafhoppersamplesfrommaizeanditswildrelativeZeadiploperennisfrommultiplelocationsinMexicoandArgentina.Weuncoveredsevencornleafhopperhaplotypescontainedwithintwohaplogroups,onehaplogroupcontaininghaplotypesassociatedwithmaizeandtheothercontaininghaplotypesassociatedwithZ.diploperennisinamountainoushabitat.Withinthefirsthaplogroup,onehaplotypewaspredominantacrossMexicanlocations,andanotheracrossArgentineanlocations;bothwereconsideredpestiferous.Wesuggestedthatthedivergencetimesofthemaize-associatedhaplogroupandofthe"pestiferous"haplotypesarecorrelatedwiththechronologyofmaizespreadfollowingitsdomestication.Overall,ourresultssupportahypothesispositingthatmaizedomesticationfavoredcornleafhoppergenotypespreadaptedforexploitingmaizesothattheybecamepestiferous,andthatwiththegeographicalexpansionofmaizefarming,cornleafhoppercolonizedZ.diploperennis,ahostexclusivetosecludedhabitatsthatservesasarefugeforarchaiccornleafhoppergenotypicdiversity.B

  • 标签: Dalbulus maidis HAPLOTYPE network analysis PERENNIAL
  • 简介:Interactionsbetweenecologicalcommunitiesofherbivoresandmicrobesarecommonlymediatedbyasharedplant.Atripartiteinteractionbetweenapathogenicfungus-hostplant-herbivorousinsectisanexampleofsuchmutualinfluences.Insuchasystemafungalpathogencommonlyhasanegativeinfluenceonthemorphologyandbiochemistryofthehostplant,withconsequencesforinsectherbivoreperformance.HerewestudiedwhetherthebiotrophicfbngusPodosphaeraferruginea,attackingthegreatburnetSanguisorbaofficinalis,affectscaterpillarperformanceoftheendangeredscarcelargebluebutterflyPhengaristeleius.Ourresultsshowedthatthepathogenicftmgusaffectedthenumberandsizeofinflorescencesproducedbyfood-plantsand,moreimportantly,hadindirect,plant-mediatedeffectsontheabundance,bodymassandimmuneresponseofcaterpillars.Specifically,wefoundtherelationshipbetweencaterpillarabundanceandvariabilityininflorescencesizeonaplanttobepositiveamonghealthyfood-plants,andnegativeamonginfectedfood-plants.Caterpillarsthatfedonhealthyfood-plantsweresmallerthanthosethatfedoninfectedfood-plantsinonestudiedseason,whiletherewasnosuchdifferenceintheotherseason.Weobservedtherelationshipbetweencaterpillarimmuneresponseandtheproportionofinfectedgreatburnetswithinahabitatpatchtobepositivewhencaterpillarsfedonhealthyfood-plants,andnegativewhencaterpillarsfedoninfectedfood-plants.OurresultssuggestthatthisbiotrophicfungalinfectionofthegreatburnetmayimposeasignificantindirectinfluenceonP.teleiuscaterpillarperformancewithpotentialconsequencesforthepopulationdynamicsandstructureofthisendangeredbutterfly.

  • 标签: host plant INSECT HERBIVORE Maculinea teleius
  • 简介:Humankinddrawsimportantbenefitsfromlarge-scaleecologicalprocessestermedecosystemservices,yetthestatusofseveralofthemisdeclining.Reliablemonitoringmethodsareessentialfortrackingthestatusofecosystemservices.Predationisthemainstayofnaturalpestcontrol,akeyecosystemservice.Weusedgreenplasticinecaterpillarstomonitorpredationpressure,andtoobtainbaselinedataonpredatoractivityintransgenicBtversusnon-BtmaizefieldsinOldandNewWorldcountries.Predationpressurewasmeasuredatgroundandcanopylevelsusinganidentical,small-plotexperimentaldesigninfourEuropeancountries(Denmark,Slovakia,RomaniaandItaly)andArgentina.Totalpredationrateinmaizewasll.7%d^-1(min.7.2%d^-1inArgentina,max.29.0%d^-1inRomania).Artificialcaterpillarswereattackedbothbyinvertebrates(mostlychewinginsectswith42.0%oftheattackmarks,andantswith7.1%,butalsopredatoryandparasitoidwasps,spidersandslugs),andvertebrates(smallmammals25.5%,andbirds20.2%).Totalpredationatgroundlevel(15.7%d^-1)wassignificantlyhigherthaninmaizecanopies(6.0%d^-1)inallcountries,exceptArgentina.WefoundnosignificantdifferencesbetweenpredatorpressureinBtversusnon-Btmaizeplots.Theartificialcaterpillarmethodprovidedcomparable,quantitativedataonpredationintensity,andprovedtobesuitableformonitoringnaturalpestcontrol.Thismethodusefullyexpandstheexistingtoolkitbydirectlymeasuringecologicalfunctionratherthanstructure.

  • 标签: artificial CATERPILLARS ECOSYSTEM services mortality SENTINEL
  • 简介:Thebrownstinkbug(BSB),Euschistusservus(Say)(Hemiptera:Pentatomidae),isaseriouseconomicpestofcornproductioninthesoutheasternUnitedStates.TheBSBpopulationdynamicswasmonitoredfor17weeksfromtasselingtopreharvestofcornplants(i.e.,lateMaytomid-September)usingpheromonetrapsinthreecornfieldsfrom2005to2009.ThetrapdatashowedtwopeaksinearlyJuneandmid-August,respectively.Therelationshipbetweentrapcatchandpregrowingseasonweatherdatawasexaminedusingcorrelationandstepwisemultiplefactorregressionanalyses.Weatherindicesusedfortheanalyseswereaccumulatedgrowingdegreeday(AGDD),numberofdayswithminimumtemperaturebelow0℃(Subz),accumulateddailymaximum(AMaxT)andminimumtemperatures(AMinT)andrainfall(ARain).Theweatherindiceswerecalculatedwithlower(10℃)andupper(35℃)asbiologicalthresholds.Theparametersusedinregressionanalysiswereseasonalabundance(oroverallmeanofBSBadultcatch)(BSBm),numberofBSBadultscaughtatapeak(PeakBSB),andpeakweek(Peakwk).TheBSBmwasnegativelyrelatedtohightemperature(AmaxTorAGDD)consistently,whereasIstPeakBSBwaspositivelycorrelatedtobothARainandSubz,irrespectiveofweatherdatadurations(thefirst4,4.5,and5months).Incontrast,the7-monthweatherdata(AGDD7)werenegativelycorrelatedtotheBSBmonly,butnotcorrelatedtothesecondPeakBSB.The5-yearmonitoringstudydemonstratedthatweatherdatacanbeusedtopredicttheBSBabundanceatitsfirstpeakintasselingcornfieldsinthesoutheasternU.S.states.

  • 标签: Euschistus servus first TRAP CATCH peak
  • 简介:Thewheatmidge,Sitodiplosismosellana,isaseriouspestofwheatworldwide.InNorthAmerica,managementofS.mosellanainspringwheatreliesonthetimelyapplicationofpesticides,basedonmidgeadultslevelscaughtinpheromonetrapsorseenviafieldscoutingduringwheatheading.Inthiscontext,biopesticidescanbeaneffectivealternativetopesticidesforcontrollingS.mosellanawithinanIntegratedPestManagementprogram.AfieldstudyusinginsectpathogenicfungusBeauveriabassianaGHA,nematodeSteinernemaJeltiaewithBarricadepolymergel1%,pyrethrin,combinedformulationsofB.bassianaGHAandpyrethrin,Jasmonicacid(JA)andchlorpyrifos(chemicalcheck)wasperformedtodeterminetowhichextenttheyaffectmidgelarvalpopulations,kerneldamagelevels,grainyield,andquality,andtheimpactsonadultparasitoidMacroglenespenetranspopulations.TheresultsindicatedthatbiopesticidesJAandS.Jeltiaewerethemosteffectiveinreducinglarvalpopulationsandkerneldamagelevels,andproducedahigherspringwheatyieldwhencomparedtothewatercontrolatbothstudylocations(EastValierandNorthValier,Montana,USA).IncreasedtestweightinwheathadbeenrecordedwithtwopreviousbiopesticidesatEastValierbutnotforNorthValier,whencomparedoverwatercontrol.Theseresultswerecomparableinefficacytothechlorpyrifos.ThisstudyalsosuggestedthatB.bassianaandpyrethrinmayworksynergistically,asexemplifiedbylowertotallarvalpopulationsandkerneldamagelevelswhenappliedtogether.ThisstudydidnotdemonstratetheeffectofanytreatmentsonM.penetranspopulations.

  • 标签: biological control BIOPESTICIDES ENTOMOPATHOGEN Integrated Pest
  • 简介:Thepealeafminer(Liriomyzahuidobrensis)isanotoriouspestofvegetablesandornamentalplantsworldwide.Despitealargenumberofstudiesonitsbiologyandecology,thecourtshipbehaviorandsexualcommunicationofthisspeciesremainunclear.Here,westudiedvibrationalcommunicationinthesexualinteractionofthepealeafminer.Onhostplantleaves,femalesandmalesbehaviorallydisplayedthebobbing-quiveringalternation,whichfinallyledtocopulation.Moreover,recordsoflaservibrometryrevealedthreesignalduetsunderlyingthebehavioralalternation.Sexuallymaturemalesspontaneouslyemittedcalls(MCs)toinitiatetheduets.ThefemalesrapidlyrespondedtoMCsbyemittingreplies(FRs)thatarelongerinduration.TheFRsfurthertriggeredmalereplies(MRs)intheirsearchforpotentialpartners.Leafminer-producedvibrationalsignalsconveyefficientinformationtopartnersandgeneratepairformationonstretchedsubstrates,suchasplantleavesandnylonmesh,butcannotelicitresponsesondensesubstrates,suchasglassandplastic.VibrationalplaybacksofbothMCsandFRscanelicitrepliesinfemalesandmales,respectively.Thisstudycompletelycharacterizessubstrate-bornevibrationalduetsinadipteraninsect.Thediscoveryofvibrationalsexsignalsinthepealeafminerprovidesnewinsightsforthedevelopmentofnovelapproachestocontrolthepestanditsrelativespecies.

  • 标签: biotremology COURTSHIP behavior LIRIOMYZA VIBRATIONAL communication
  • 简介:Honeybees(Apismellifera)havehaplodiploidsexdetermination:malesdevelopfromunfertilizedeggsandfemalesdevelopfromfertilizedones.Thedifferencesinlarvalfoodalsodeterminethedevelopmentoffemales.Herewecomparedthetotalsomaticgeneexpressionprofilesof2-dayand4-day-olddrone,queenandworkerlarvaebyRNASeq.Theresultsfromaco-expressionnetworkanalysisonallexpressedgenesshowedthat2-day-olddroneandworkerlarvaewerecloseringeneexpressionprofilesthan2-day-oldqueenlarvae.Thisindicatedthatforyounglarvae(2-day-old)environmentalfactorssuchaslarvaldiethaveagreatereffectongeneexpressionprofilesthanploidyorsexdetermination.Droneshadthemostdistinctgeneexpressionprofilesatthe4-daylarvalstage,suggestingthathaploidy,orsexdramaticallyaffectsthegeneexpressionofhoneybeelarvae.Dronelarvaeshowedfewerdifferencesingeneexpressionprofilesatthe2-dayand4-daytimepointsthantheworkerandqueenlarvalcomparisons(598against1190and1181),suggestingadifferentpatternofgeneexpressionregulationduringthelarvaldevelopmentofhaploidmalescomparedtodiploidfemales.Thisstudyindicatesthatearlyindevelopmentthequeencastehasthemostdistinctgeneexpressionprofile,perhapsreflectingtheveryrapidgrowthandmorphologicalspecializationofthiscastecomparedtoworkersanddrones.Laterindevelopmentthehaploidmaledroneshavethemostdistinctgeneexpressionprofile,perhapsreflectingtheinfluenceofploidyorsexdeterminationongeneexpression.

  • 标签: CASTE differentiation envir on mental factors
  • 简介:MultitoxinBt-cropsexpressinginsecticidaltoxinswithdifferentmodesofaction,forexample,CryandVip,areexpectedtoimproveresistancemanagementintargetpests.WhileCry1Aresistancehasbeenrelativelywellcharacterizedinsomeinsectspecies,thisisnotthecaseforVip3A,forwhichnomechanismofresistancehasyetbeenidentified.HereweappliedHT-SuperSAGEtoanalyzethetranscriptomeoftheguttissueoftobaccobudwormHeliothisvirescens(F.)laboratory-selectedforVip3Aaresistance.Fromatotalof1324252sequencereads,5895126-bptagswereobtainedrepresenting17751nonsingletonuniquetranscripts(UniTags)fromgeneticallysimilarVip3Aa-resistant(Vip-Sel)andsusceptiblecontrol(Vip-Unsel)strains.Differentialexpressionwassignificant(≥2.5foldor≤0.4;P<0.05)for1989sequences(11.2%oftotalUniTags),where420representedoverexpressed(OE)and1569underexpressed(UE)genesinVip-Sel.BLASTNsearchesmapped419UniTagstoH.virescenssequencecontigs,ofwhich,416(106OEand310UE)wereunambiguouslyannotatedtoproteinsinNCBInonredundantproteindatabases.GeneOntologydistributed345ofannotatedUniTagsin14functionalcategorieswithmetabolism(includingserine-typehydrolases)andtranslation/ribosomebiogenesisbeingthemostprevalent.AUniTaghomologoustoaparticularmemberoftheREsponsetoPAThogen(REPAT)familywasfoundamongmostoverexpressed,whileUniTagsrelatedtotheputativeVip3Aa-bindingribosomalproteinS2(RpS2)wereunderexpressed.qRT-PCRofasubsetofUniTagsvalidatedtheHT-SuperSAGEdata.ThisstudyisthefirstprovidinglepidopteranguttranscriptomeassociatedwithVip3Aaresistanceandafoundationforfutureattemptstoelucidatetheresistancemechanism.

  • 标签: Bt RESISTANCE HELIOTHIS virescens HT-SuperSAGE TRANSCRIPTOMICS
  • 简介:Diversityandcompositionoflepidopteranmicrobiotasarepoorlyinvestigated,especiallyacrossthedifferentdevelopmentalstages.Toimprovethisknowledge,wecharacterizethemicrobiotaamongdifferentdevelopmentalstagesoftheIndianmealmoth,Plodiainterpunctella,whichisconsideredoneofthemajorpestofcommoditiesworld-wide.Usingculture-independentapproachbasedonIllumina16SrRNAgenesequencingwecharacterizedthemicrobiotaoffourdevelopmentalstages:eggs,first-,andlast-instarlarvae,andadult.Atotalof1022bacterialOTUswereobtained,showingaquitediversifiedmicrobiotaassociatedtoalltheanalyzedstages.ThemicrobiotasassociatedwithP.interpunctellaresultedalmostconstantthroughoutthedevelopmentalstages,withapproximately77%ofbacterialOTUsbelongingtothephylumofProteobacteria.ThedominantbacterialgenusisrepresentedbyBurkholderia(?64%),followedbyPropionibacterium,Delftia,Pseudomonas,andStenotrophomonas.Acorebacterialcommunity,composedof139OTUs,wasdetectedinallthedevelopmentalstages,amongwhich112OTUswereassignedtothegenusBurkholderia.Aphylogeneticreconstruction,basedonthe16SrRNA,revealedthatourBurkholderiaOTUsclusteredwithBurkholderiacepaciacomplex,inthesamegroupofthoseisolatedfromthehemipteransGossypariaspuriaandAcanthococcusaceris.Thefunctionalprofiling,predictedonthebaseofthebacterial16SrRNA,indicatesdifferencesinthemetabolicpathwaysrelatedtometabolismofaminoacidsbetweenpreimaginalandadultstages.Wecanhypothesizethatbacteriamaysupporttheinsecthostduringpreimaginalstages.

  • 标签: BURKHOLDERIA Illumina sequencing Indian MEAL MOTH
  • 简介:InsectshavealargefamilyofC-typelectinsinvolvedincelladhesion,pathogenrecognitionandactivationofimmuneresponses.Inthisstudy,32transcriptsencodingC-typelectindomainproteins(CTLDPs)wereidentifiedfromtheThitarodesxiaojinensistranscriptome.Accordingtotheirdomainstructures,sixCTLDPswithonecarbohydraterecognitiondomain(CRD)wereclassifiedintotheCTL-Ssubfamily.Theother23CTLDPswithtwoCRDsweregroupedintotheimmulectin(IML)subfamily.TheremainingthreewithextraregulatorydomainsweresortedintotheCTL-Xsubfamily.PhylogeneticanalysisshowedthatCTL-SandCTL-Xmembersfromdifferentinsectscouldformorthologousgroups.Incontrast,noT.xiaojinensisIMLorthologueswerefoundinotherinsects.Remarkablelineage-specificexpansioninthissubfamilywasobservedreflectingthattheseCTLDPs,asimportantreceptors,haveevolveddiversifiedmembersinresponsetoavarietyofmicrobes.PredictionofbindingligandsrevealedthatT.xiaojinensis,acoldadaptedspecies,conservedtheabilityofCRDstocombinewithCa^2+tokeepitsreceptorsfromfreezing.ComparativeanalysisofinductionofCTLDPgenesafterdifferentimmunechallengesindicatedthatIMLsmightplaycriticalrolesinimmunedefenses.ThisstudyexaminedT.xiaojinensisCTLDPsandprovidesabasisforfurtherstudiesoftheircharacteristics.

  • 标签: binding ligand carbohydrate-recognition DOMAIN C-type LECTIN
  • 简介:Ininsects,thegustatorysystemplaysacrucialroleinmultiplephysiologicalbehaviors,includingfeeding,toxinavoidance,courtship,matingandoviposition.Gustatorystimulifromtheenvironmentarerecognizedbygustatoryreceptors.Todate,littleisknownaboutthefunctionofgustatoryreceptorsinagriculturalpestinsects.Inthisstudy,weclonedasugargustatoryreceptorgene,N/Gr11,fromthebrownplanthopper(BPH),Nilaparvatalugens(Stal),aseriouspestofriceinAsia;wethenidentifieditsligands,namely,fructose,galactoseandarabinose,bycalciumimagingassay.AfterinjectionofN/Gr11doublestrandedRNA,wefoundthatthenumberofeggslaidbyBPHdecreased.Moreover,wefoundthatN/Gr11inhibitedthephosphorylationofadenosinemonophosphate-activatedproteinkinase(AMPK)andpromotedthephosphorylationofproteinkinaseB(AKT).ThesefindingsdemonstratedthatN/Gr11couldacceleratethefecundityofBPHthroughAMPK-andAKT-mediatedsignalingpathways.Thisisthefirstreporttoindicatethatagustatoryreceptormodulatesthefecundityofinsectsandthatthereceptorcouldbeapotentialtargetforpestcontrol.

  • 标签: brown PLANTHOPPER FECUNDITY GUSTATORY receptors LIGANDS
  • 简介:Theinsectmidgutepitheliumiscomposedofcolumnar,goblet,andregenerativecells.Columnarepithelialcellsarethemostabundantandhavemembraneprotrusionsthatformthebrushbordermembrane(BBM)ontheirapicalside.Theseincreasesurfaceareaavailableforthetransportofnutrients,butalsoprovideopportunitiesforinteractionwithxenobioticssuchaspathogens,toxinsandhostplantallelochemicals.RecentimprovementsinproteomicandbioinfbrmaticstoolsprovidedanopportunitytodeterminetheproteomeoftheT.niBBMinunprecedenteddetail.ThisstudyreportstheidentificationofproteinsfromBBMvesicles(BBMVs)usingsingledimensionpolyacrylamidegelelec?trophoresiscoupledwithmulti-dimensionalproteinidentificationtechnology.Morethan3000proteinswereassociatedwiththeBBMVofwhich697werepredictedtopossesseitherasignalpeptide,atleastonetransmembranedomainoraGPI-anchorsignal.Ofthese,bioinfbrmaticsanalysisandmanualcurationpredictedthat185maybeassociatedwiththeBBMVorepithelialcellplasmamembrane.Thesearediscussedwithrespecttotheirpredictedfunctions,namelydigestion,nutrientuptake,cellsignaling,development,cell-cellinteractions,andotherfunctions.Webelievethistobethemostdetailedproteomicanalysisofthelepidopteranmidgutepitheliummembranetodate,whichwillprovideinformationtobetterunderstandthebiochemical,physiologicalandpathologicalprocessestakingplaceinthelarvalmidgut.

  • 标签: BRUSH BORDER membrane vesicles MIDGUT PROTEOMIC